ZZ-PRO脱硫工艺

超重力技术简介

　　1976年，美国太空署（NASA）征求微重力场实验项目，英国ICI公司（帝国化学工业公司）提出了超重力分离技术，发现在超重力环境下，单元操作的传质效率能够强化百倍特征，由此提出了超重力技术。

　　超重力技术是利用比地球重力加速度大得多的超重力环境对“三传一反”过程进行强化的新技术，在地球上通过旋转产生模拟的超重力环境而获得。它能够大幅度提高反应的转化率和选择性，显著地缩小反应器的体积，简化工艺、流程，实现过程的高效节能，减少污染排放。研究和分析表明，在超重力环境下，相间传质速率比传统的塔器中提高1-3个数量级，这样我们可以将高达几十米的巨大化工塔设备用高不及几米的超重力机进行替代。因此，超重力工程技术被认为是强化传递和多相反应过程的一项突破性技术，被誉为跨世纪的技术，超重力机也被誉为“化学工业的晶体管”。

Introduction to supergravity technology

In 1976, the United States Space Agency (NASA) solicited the microgravity field experiment project, and the British ICI Company (Imperial Chemical Industries Company) proposed the super-gravity separation technology, which found that in the super-gravity environment, the mass transfer efficiency of the unit operation can strengthen the characteristics of a hundred times, which proposed the super-gravity technology.

Supergravity technology is a new technology to strengthen the "three pass and one reverse" process by using a supergravity environment that is much larger than the Earth's gravity acceleration, and it is obtained by rotating the simulated supergravity environment on the Earth. It can greatly improve the conversion rate and selectivity of the reaction, significantly reduce the volume of the reactor, simplify the process and flow, achieve high efficiency and energy saving of the process, and reduce pollution emission. Research and analysis show that in the super-gravity environment, the interphase mass transfer rate is 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than that in the traditional tower, so we can replace the huge chemical tower equipment as high as tens of meters with the super-gravity machine less than a few meters high. Therefore, the super-gravity engineering technology is considered to be a breakthrough technology to strengthen the transfer and multiphase reaction process, known as a cross-century technology, and the super-gravity machine is also known as the "transistor of the chemical industry."

ZZ-PRO硫磺回收技术

　　随着工业化进程的不断发展，炼油企业规模持续增大，尾气处理规模也同比增加。BLUER-PRO工艺传统的气液吸收反应器传质效率低，在一定的设计范围内，随着气体流量的增大塔径也不断加大，造成了设备投资大，运行成本高等问题。

　　采用超重力反应器取代传统鼓泡反应器，极大强化了过程传质效率，增加了BLUER-PRO工艺对酸性气的处理范围，同时缩短氧化脱硫和催化剂再生时间，大大的减小设备尺寸，降低投资费用。如处理7000m3/h的尾气，使用超重力反应器后，反应器直径只有2m左右，下图为ZZ-PRO超重力系统的一个流程简图。

流程ZZ-PRO工艺的原理

ZZ-PRO的基本反应过程可以分为吸收与再生两个阶段

ZZ-PRO sulfur recovery technology

 

With the continuous development of industrialization, the scale of oil refining enterprises continues to increase, and the scale of exhaust gas treatment also increases year-on-year. The mass transfer efficiency of the traditional gas-liquid absorption reactor in BLUER-PRO process is low, and the tower diameter keeps increasing with the increase of gas flow rate within a certain design range, resulting in large equipment investment and high operating costs.

 

The use of super-gravity reactor to replace the traditional bubble reactor greatly strengthens the mass transfer efficiency of the process, increases the treatment range of acidic gas in the BLUER-PRO process, reduces the time of oxidation desulfurization and catalyst regeneration, greatly reduces the equipment size and investment costs. For example, when the exhaust gas of 7000m3/h is processed, the diameter of the reactor is only about 2m after the use of the super-gravity reactor. The following is a schematic diagram of the process of the ZZ-PRO super-gravity system.

Process Principle of ZZ-PRO process

The basic reaction process of ZZ-PRO can be divided into two stages: absorption and regeneration

吸收反应：

Absorption reaction:

H2S(气体)+2Fe3+→2H++S°+2Fe2+

再生反应：

Regeneration reaction:

1/2 O2(气体)+H2O+2Fe2+→2OH-+2Fe3+

总反应：

Total Response:

H2S+1/2O2→H2O+S°

　　这一反应发生于水基溶液中，所用水基溶液中的金属离子能够清除硫化物离子（S2-）的电子（负电荷），使之转变成元素硫。此外，在再生过程中，该金属能够将俘获的电子转移给氧（O2），使自己重新恢复到原来的金属离子状态。虽然具备这种功能的金属有许多种，但是ZZ-PRO处理工艺技术选择了铁（Fe），因为铁无毒而且活性好，转化效率高。

This reaction takes place in an aqueous solution, where metal ions are used to remove electrons (negative charge) from the sulfide ion (S2 -) and convert it to elemental sulfur. In addition, during the regeneration process, the metal is able to transfer the trapped electrons to oxygen (O2) , restoring itself to the original metal ion state. Although there are many metals with this function, the ZZ-PRO treatment process technology chooses iron (Fe) because it is non-toxic and active, and the conversion efficiency is high.

 

Z-PRO工艺的特点

ZZ-PRO工艺不仅保留了BLUER-PRO工艺的所有优点，同时，由于有革命性质的改进，该工艺还存在以下优点：

（1）处理能力大，单套系统可处理上万立方米含硫化氢酸气。

（2）设备体积小，处理同样规模的尾气设备体积是同类工艺的2%左右。

（3）压降低，该工艺可控制系统压降在2kPa以下，而鼓泡式BLUER-PRO至少需要40kPa的压降。

（4）设备投资少，为同类工艺设备投资额的一半以下。

（5）反应效率极高，相对同类工艺有数量级的提升。

（6）不怕振动和倾斜。

（7）开停车容易，可在几分钟内达到稳定操作等。

Characteristics of the ZZ-PRO process

The ZZ-PRO process not only retains all the advantages of the BLUER-PRO process but also has the following advantages due to revolutionary improvements:

(1) Large processing capacity, a single set of systems can handle tens of thousands of cubic meters of hydrogen sulfide gas.

(2) The volume of the equipment is small, and the volume of the exhaust equipment dealing with the same scale is about 2% of the similar process.

(3) Pressure reduction, the process can control the system pressure drop below 2kPa, and the bubbling BLUER-PRO requires at least a 40kPa pressure drop.

(4) Less investment in equipment, less than half of the investment in similar process equipment.

(5) The reaction efficiency is extremely high, which is an order of magnitude improvement compared with similar processes.

(6) Not afraid of vibration and tilt.

(7) Easy to start and stop, and stable operation can be achieved in a few minutes.

适用范围

　　ZZ-PRO硫化氢气体处理工艺广泛应用于石油提炼、天然气开采、地热气体发电、生物气处理、垃圾填埋沼气处理、饮料业二氧化碳气体生产、润滑油生产等行业。对生产过程中产生的含硫化氢气体几乎可以完全回收，达到真正意义上的节能减排效果。

　　在这些工业生产中，需处理的气体流量从几个立方米每小时到上万个立方米每小时，气体H2S浓度从100ppm到100%，气压从50KPa到4.5MPa，每天产生的硫从0.2吨到20多吨。

ZZ-PRO hydrogen sulfide gas treatment process is widely used in oil refining, natural gas exploitation, geothermal gas power generation, biogas treatment, landfill biogas treatment, beverage industry carbon dioxide gas production, lubricant production, and other industries. The hydrogen sulfide gas produced in the production process can be almost completely recovered, to achieve the real sense of energy saving and emission reduction effect.

 

In this industrial production, the gas flow to be treated ranges from a few cubic meters per hour to tens of thousands of cubic meters per hour, the gas H2S concentration ranges from 100ppm to 100%, the air pressure ranges from 50KPa to 4.5MPa, and the sulfur produced per day ranges from 0.2 tons to more than 20 tons.